Pathological Manifestations in Wood Structures of Amazonian Stilt Houses: A Case Study in Itaituba, PA, Brazil

Abstract

Wood structures used in stilt houses are exposed to environmental conditions in the Amazon that favor degradation processes. Such degradation may compromise durability, performance, and safety. This study evaluated pathological manifestations in the wood structures of stilt houses located in the Jardim das Araras neighborhood in Itaituba, Pará state, Brazil, to analyze the maintenance conditions and practices adopted by residents. The research was designed as a qualitative, descriptive case study based on in situ visual inspection of 10 stilt houses, photographic records, structured interviews with housing users, and prioritization using the GUT Matrix (Gravity, Urgency, and Trend). Eleven pathological manifestations were identified, including mold fungi, degradation at the bases and tops of pillars, longitudinal cracks, decay fungi, rupture and displacement of structural elements, visible beam deformation, and member instability. The questionnaire results showed the predominance of corrective maintenance, with 70% of residents reporting that they replace components only after visible defects appear. Moisture exposure, biological agents, and insufficient preventive maintenance were associated with the deterioration observed. Periodic inspections and preventive actions were recommended to the users, with priority given to critical support elements.