Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Berberis crataegina DC. in Türkiye Revealed by ISSR and SCoT Markers

Abstract

Berberis species are valuable wild plants widely distributed in Türkiye and other regions. They are known for their nutritional, medicinal, and ecological importance. Despite their significance, molecular studies on Berberis are limited, particularly regarding the use of SCoT markers. In the present study, the genetic diversity of selected Berberis populations was investigated using both ISSR and SCoT molecular markers. A total of 51 scorable bands were obtained with ISSR markers, 41 of which were polymorphic, resulting in a polymorphism rate of 80.4%. SCoT markers produced an average of 6.2 bands per primer, with 5.3 polymorphic bands and a polymorphism of 86.4%, indicating a higher sensitivity in detecting genetic variation. Genetic similarity values ranged from 0.39 to 0.84 for ISSR and 0.32 to 0.89 for SCoT markers. These results were compared with previous studies on Berberis and other plant species, confirming the robustness of the applied markers. Notably, this study represents the first application of SCoT primers in Berberis, demonstrating their effectiveness in resolving genetic relationships and detecting polymorphism. The findings provide a valuable molecular basis for conservation strategies, germplasm management and future breeding programs, while also contributing to a better understanding of genetic structure and diversity within the genus. Overall, the combined use of ISSR and SCoT markers offers a reliable approach for molecular characterization and supports the sustainable utilization of Berberis genetic resources.