Nondestructive Testing in Wood: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis Based on Scopus

Abstract

Nondestructive testing (NDT), also referred to as nondestructive evaluation/examination (NDE), applied to wood studies, has shown steady global growth driven by the development of innovative techniques and technologies that enable the characterization of wood pieces and structures while minimizing damage. The objective of this study was to analyze the development and recent trends of nondestructive testing in wood. To achieve this, a bibliometric analysis (1982-2025) and a systematic review (2020-2025) were conducted to identify the main research lines, commonly used techniques, and emerging approaches and future perspectives. A total of 303 Scopus-indexed scientific articles were analyzed using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix: Biblioshiny, and 137 recent articles were used for the literature review. The results revealed four main research lines: (I) NDE-NDT with computed tomography for defect detection; (II) NDT for the inspection of wooden buildings and structures; (III) ultrasound in forestry for the characterization of mechanical properties; and (IV) moisture content in wood products. Scientific output showed sustained growth, with China as the leading country and Northeast Forestry University as the most productive institution. Traditional NDT techniques prevail, while emerging approaches and artificial intelligence applications demonstrate that wood NDT research is an expanding field with diversified applications and increasing international relevance.