Biomass-derived Conductive Biocarbon for Flexible Strain Sensors: A Review

Authors

  • Qianqian Wang Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Key Laboratory of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
  • Yang Zhou Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Key Laboratory of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
  • Yu Long Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Key Laboratory of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
  • Aojie Zhou Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Key Laboratory of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
  • Lu Gao Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Key Laboratory of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
  • Qianqian Zhu Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Key Laboratory of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

Keywords:

Biomass, Carbonization, Biomass-derived biocarbon, Percolation, Flexible strain sensors

Abstract

Growing demand for environmentally sustainable wearable electronics is driving the development of high-performance electromechanical sensing materials from carbonized renewable resources. Despite rapid progress, key challenges remain in understanding how biomass carbonization pathways influence conductive network formation and electromechanical sensing performance. This review first analyzes the conversion of biomass feedstocks into conductive biocarbon through pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization, highlighting strategies for tuning hierarchical graphitic structure. Then, the review elucidates the electromechanical mechanisms governing strain sensing behavior in biocarbon composites, correlating microstructural evolution with key strain sensor metrics. By synthesizing recent advancements and identifying critical bottlenecks, this review aims to provide a roadmap for advancing next-generation, eco-friendly flexible biocarbon strain sensors from laboratory prototypes to practical applications.

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Published

2026-03-30

How to Cite

Wang, Q., Zhou, Y., Long, Y., Zhou, A., Gao, L., & Zhu, Q. (2026). Biomass-derived Conductive Biocarbon for Flexible Strain Sensors: A Review. BioResources, 21(2). Retrieved from https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/25660

Issue

Vol. 21 No. 2 (2026)

Section

Scholarly Review