Eco-Friendly Hybrid Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Snake Grass Fiber and Dual Agro-Waste Fillers for Enhanced Mechanical and Acoustic Performance

Authors

  • Lakshmi Sankar Subramanian Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
  • Sivasubramanian Palanisamy Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Mohan Babu University, Tirupati - 517102, Andhra Pradesh, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1926-4949
  • Manickaraj Karuppusamy Department of Mechanical Engineering, CMS College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore- 641032, Tamilnadu, India
  • Alavudeen Azeez Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil - 626126, Srivilliputhur, Tamilnadu, India
  • Syed Kashif Ali Department of Physical Sciences , Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Engineering and Technology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, 82817, Saudi Arabia
  • Shaeen Kalathil Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
  • Mohamed Abbas Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, SIMATS, Chennai, India
  • Saleh A. Alfarraj Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
  • Sulaiman Ali Alharbi Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box.2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

Keywords:

Mechanical Performance, Hybrid agro waste fillers, Snake grass fiber, Tamarind shell powder, Wood apple shell powder

Abstract

This study examined the mechanical, acoustic, and microstructural performance of epoxy composites reinforced with Snake Grass Fiber (SGF) and hybrid agro-waste fillers—Tamarind Seed Powder (TSP) and Wood Apple Shell Powder (WASP). Composites were fabricated by compression molding with a constant SGF content of 30 wt% and varying hybrid filler contents (5 to 15 wt%). Mechanical properties including tensile, flexural, compressive, impact strength, hardness, and water absorption were evaluated alongside sound absorption behavior. The incorporation of hybrid fillers significantly improved mechanical strength, surface hardness, and dimensional stability while reducing moisture uptake compared to SGF-only composites. The optimized hybrid composition exhibited superior properties, achieving tensile, flexural, compressive, and impact strengths of 58 MPa, 87 MPa, 70 MPa, and 8.98 J, respectively, with a hardness of 84 Shore D and reduced water absorption of 23%. Acoustic analysis revealed enhanced sound absorption, with a maximum absorption coefficient of 0.24 at an optimal filler-to-fiber ratio, attributed to synergy between fibrous reinforcement and porous fillers. SEM analysis confirmed uniform filler dispersion, improved interfacial bonding, and reduced voids, supporting the observed mechanical and acoustic enhancements. SGF-based hybrid agro-waste composites offer improved structural and sound-absorbing performance, making them suitable for sustainable automotive, construction, and acoustic insulation applications.

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Published

2026-03-02

How to Cite

Subramanian , L. S., Palanisamy, S., Karuppusamy, M., Azeez, A., Kashif Ali, S., Kalathil, S., … Ali Alharbi, S. (2026). Eco-Friendly Hybrid Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Snake Grass Fiber and Dual Agro-Waste Fillers for Enhanced Mechanical and Acoustic Performance. BioResources, 21(2), 3636–3649. Retrieved from https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/25373

Issue

Vol. 21 No. 2 (2026)

Section

Research Article or Brief Communication