Microhabitat-driven Variation in Fruit Yield of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) in a Mediterranean Ecosystem

Abstract

Effects of microhabitat were studied relative to the growth and fruit yield of Cornus mas L. (Cornelian cherry) populations in a Mediterranean ecosystem. Two contrasting natural habitats were compared: rocky slopes and streamside environments in southwestern Türkiye. A total of 60 mature trees (30 per habitat) were sampled during the 2025 growing season. Tree height, basal diameter, diameter at breast height (DBH), crown diameter, age, fruit number, and total fruit weight were measured to assess growth and yield responses.The results revealed pronounced habitat-related differences in reproductive performance. Trees growing in rocky habitats produced approximately 60% more fruits and 85% higher total fruit yield compared with those in streamside habitats. Analysis of variance indicated that habitat effects were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for most growth and yield traits, except for tree height and crown diameter. Correlation analyses demonstrated strong positive relationships between growth parameters and fruit yield, with basal diameter emerging as the most reliable predictor of reproductive output. Rocky habitats appeared to provide more favorable conditions for fruit production, likely due to improved drainage, enhanced light availability, and reduced interspecific competition. The study provides valuable insights for the sustainable management, conservation, and potential cultivation of C. mas.