A Comparative Analysis on the Static Properties of ‘Five-tier Outer Eave Column-head Dougong Bracket’ from the Main Hall of Chuzu Convent in Song Dynasty

Abstract

This research explored the static structural behavior of the Song Dynasty ‘Five-tier Outer Eave Column-head Dougong Bracket’ in the Main Hall of Chuzu Convent. Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed. Relying on an orthotropic constitutive model and Pinus sylvestris’ mechanical properties, a refined ANSYS model was built (assessed in line with GB/T criteria), with the Hill yield criterion to evaluate wood plasticity. For assessing strength, deformation and energy dissipation, simulations were carried out involving Z-axis vertical monotonic static loading and X/Y-axis horizontal low-count reciprocating loading. The findings showed a vertical ultimate bearing capacity of 342 kN along the Z-axis. Stress concentrations peak at 18.8 MPa specifically at the capital block-Ludou junction, a significant concern. Horizontal loading resulted in symmetrical hysteresis loops, exhibiting peak thrusts: 750 kN (Y-axis) and 597 kN (X-axis). Ductility coefficients (4.98/Y, 3.67/X) and equivalent viscous damping coefficients (0.121/Y, 0.149/X) were identified. The vertical behavior followed a tri-linear stiffness degradation model, with the horizontal response adhering to multi-linear restoring force models. The findings confirm FEA as an efficient, reliable method to assess Dougong mechanical behavior, providing crucial knowledge for ancient wooden building upkeep.