Compositional Analysis of Melon Seeds: Insights into the Development of Sustainable Value-Added Products

Abstract

Agricultural waste is a growing global concern, with about 30% of food that is currently wasted in Brazil. Melon (Cucumis melo), which is widely cultivated in semi-arid regions, generates significant residues, including seeds, peels, and pulp, that are often discarded improperly, causing environmental impacts. These by-products have a rich lignocellulosic composition, making them promising raw materials for biofuels, bioplastics, and other valuable renewable compounds. Importantly, their use does not compete with the food supply, aligning with circular economic principles. This study evaluated the potential of seeds from five melon varieties as lignocellulosic biomass. The seeds underwent pretreatment by drying under controlled conditions and grinding to produce a homogeneous powder for analysis. Moisture, ash, and lignocellulosic components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) were assessed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test to identify significant differences among varieties. The caipira and cantaloupe varieties exhibited notably high holocellulose and lignin contents. Elevated holocellulose levels enhance the structural integrity of sustainable materials, while lignin contributes antimicrobial properties and serves as a precursor for high-value compounds such as resins, antioxidants, and bio-based polymers.