Phytochemical Characterization of Cleome droserifolia Biomass and its Application as in vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Diabetic, and Anti-Yeast Agents

Abstract

This study investigated the anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-yeast, and antioxidant properties of the ethanolic extract of Cleome droserifolia shoot (CDE). Thirteen phenolic compounds were shown in the CDE ethanolic extract using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with rutin and syringic acid being the predominant components. Rutin and syringic acid were found at elevated levels of 15,900 and 5320 µg//g of extract, respectively, in association with CDE. Additionally, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, and vanillin were quantified at 1150, 987, 2830, and 1425 µg/g of extract, respectively. The ethanolic extract of CDE exhibited detrimental impacts on the species of pathogenic yeast. The CDE demonstrated scavenging activity for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl to visualize an antioxidant action with IC₅₀ 8.95±1.023 µg/mL. CDE inhibited COX-1 and COX-2 to document its anti-inflammatory potential with IC₅₀ 12.91±0.5a µg/mL and 21.63±0.8 µg/mL, respectively. CDE inhibited amylase activity as a marker of diabetic management with IC_{50 of} 14.93±1.87µg/mL. The pathogenic yeasts including C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata were suppressed by CDE with inhibition zones 25±0.2, 20±0.1, and 25±0.1 mm, respectively. The findings suggest the utilization of CDE for the management of numerous health issues.