Evaluation of Porang Flour (Amorphophallus muelleri) as Natural Filler for Enhancing Urea Formaldehyde and Citric Acid Adhesives in Plywood Production

Authors

  • Imam Busyra Abdillah Forest Products Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
  • Alifah Syahfitri Forest Products Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
  • Muhammad Ilham Aulia Forest Products Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
  • Abdus Syukur Forest Products Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
  • Sarah Augustina Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
  • Sukma Surya Kusumah Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
  • Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
  • Jajang Sutiawan Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
  • Mahdi Mubarok Forest Products Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
  • Rita Kartika Sari Forest Products Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
  • Naresworo Nugroho Forest Products Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
  • Yusuf Sudo Hadi The Papua New Guinea University of Technology, Independence Drive, East Taraka, Lae 411, Papua New Guinea
  • Dede Hermawan Forest Products Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Dramaga, 16680, Indonesia

Keywords:

Citric acid, Plywood performance, Porang flour, Urea formaldehyde, Wood adhesive

Abstract

This study explores the potential of porang flour (Amorphophallus muelleri) as a sustainable filler in urea formaldehyde (UF) and citric acid (CA) adhesives, highlighting its effect on enhancing plywood performance. The physical and mechanical properties of plywood bonded with varying compositions of porang flour (0%, 10%, 20%) were evaluated according to Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS 233:2003) for plywood. Three-layer plywood panels were manufactured using sengon wood and both types of adhesives. The results showed that adding porang flour to UF and CA adhesives significantly increased the solids content and improved physical and mechanical properties. Plywood bonded with UF exhibited superior density, water absorption, thickness swelling, and shear strength properties. Conversely, plywood bonded with CA adhesive showed better results in moisture content, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR). Overall, adding 10% porang flour was optimal for improving plywood’s physical and mechanical properties. These findings suggest that porang flour is an eco-friendly additive that can enhance the performance of natural adhesives in plywood manufacturing, providing a greener alternative to conventional adhesives.

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Published

2025-06-13

How to Cite

Busyra Abdillah, I., Syahfitri, A., Ilham Aulia, M., Syukur, A., Augustina, S., Surya Kusumah, S., … Hermawan, D. (2025). Evaluation of Porang Flour (Amorphophallus muelleri) as Natural Filler for Enhancing Urea Formaldehyde and Citric Acid Adhesives in Plywood Production. BioResources, 20(3), 6135–6160. Retrieved from https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24327

Issue

Vol. 20 No. 3 (2025)

Section

Research Article or Brief Communication