Antimicrobial with Time-kill Kinetics, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Properties of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Oil Extract Based on Its Bioactive Components

Authors

  • Emad Abada Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Environment and Nature Research Centre, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4893-8132
  • Abadi M. Mashlawi Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9735-3501
  • Abdelalim A. Gadallah Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1765-8015
  • Othman Hakami Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2451-974X
  • Mervat A. Ahmed El Alfy Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, P.O. Box 551, Saudi Arabia https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6529-8297
  • Abeer S. Meganid College of Science and Humanities, Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
  • Reham M. Elbaz Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, P.O. Box 551, Saudi Arabia; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-2678

Keywords:

Rosemary, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, GC-MS analysis

Abstract

There is a major clinical problem associated with antimicrobial resistance. Rosmarinus officinalis L. is an effective medicinal source. Its oil has been extracted and tested for its multiple therapeutic capabilities. The oil extract was found to be a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus as Gram-positive bacteria, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia as Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida albicans as the most common pathogenic mold. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the oil extract was found to be 15.6 μg/mL against B. subtilis, S. aureus, and C. albicans, and 62.5 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL against E. coli and K. pneumonia, respectively. The bactericidal activity started at 150 and 180 min against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively, with clear time-killing kinetics. The oil extract was able to scavenge DPPH free radicals with an IC50 of 4.0 μg/mL. The oil extract was found to have high toxicity on the Caco2 cell line (colon tissue) at high dose 1000 μg/mL with IC50 of 75.39 ± 0.56 μg/mL. The chemical composition of the oil extract was determined employing gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, in which 53 compounds were named at different surface area ratios, retention times,  and probability ratios.

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Published

2025-02-18

How to Cite

Abada, E., Mashlawi, A. M., Gadallah, A. A., Hakami, O., El Alfy, M. A. A., Meganid, A. S., & Elbaz , R. M. (2025). Antimicrobial with Time-kill Kinetics, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Properties of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Oil Extract Based on Its Bioactive Components . BioResources, 20(2), 2728–2744. Retrieved from https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24235

Issue

Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025)

Section

Research Article or Brief Communication