Preparation of Citrullus colocynthis Seed Extract and Assessment of Cyto-toxicity, Anti-microbial, Anti-inflammatory, and Analgesic Activities

Abstract

One of the most common health issues that affect individuals is pain, which can manifest in a variety of ways. Opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) are frequently prescribed for pain relief; however, their prolonged use can result in substantial adverse effects on various bodily systems. As a result, it is important to identify alternative medications that are both more effective and secure. The health benefits of Citrullus colocynthis herb, rich in beneficial elements, are well documented. The effects of an aqueous seed extract of C. colocynthis were examined in this study. The B16F10 melanoma cell line was employed to evaluate the extract’s cytotoxicity. The authors implemented antimicrobial investigations employing four bacterial strains. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were assessed using Swiss albino mice and Wistar albino rats, respectively. The cytotoxicity analysis demonstrated that the C. colocynthis extract did not manifest any significant cytotoxic effects on the B16F10 melanoma cell line. The extract exhibited efficacious activity against the Gram-positive bacteria that were the subject of antimicrobial investigations. Pain inhibition effects exceeded 70%, with the analgesic activity. Consequently, the C. colocynthis extract exhibits potential as an analgesic and antimicrobial agent, necessitating additional research and development work.