Effects of Gmelina Bark Content and Particle Size on the Characteristics of a Recycled Polypropylene Composite

Abstract

Bark plastic composite is a composite wood board consisting of a plastic matrix and bark in the form of powder or fibers as a filler. This research aimed to determine the influence of ratio and particle size on the characteristics of the composite made of Gmelina bark mixed with recycled polypropylene. Bark plastic composites were made with variations in powder: plastic ratio, namely 40:60% (P60), 30:70% (P70), 20:80% (P80), and 0:100% (P100), as well as variations in filler particle size, namely 40 to 60 mesh (M40), 60 to 80 mesh (M60), and 80 to 100 mesh (M80). Maleic anhydride (MAH) as a compatibilizer was added at 5% of the matrix's weight. The reference testing standards were JIS A 5908:2003 and SNI 03-2105-2006. In the physical property testing, including density, moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling, all boards with different treatments met the standards. In the modulus of elasticity (MOE) testing, none of the boards with different treatments met the standards, while in the internal bond testing, all boards with different treatments met the standards. As for the modulus of rupture (MOR) testing, hardness, and screw-holding power, some samples met both standards. The M40P80 treatment produced the best bark plastic composite.